The USD/JPY pair edges lower during the Asian session on Thursday, albeit it lacks follow-through and finds support ahead of the 161.50 level. Nevertheless, spot prices remain well within striking distance of a 40-year high as traders look forward to the US Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index for a fresh impetus.
The crucial inflation data will dictate the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) policy path, which, in turn, will play a key role in influencing the US Dollar (USD) price dynamics and determining the next leg of a directional move for the USD/JPY pair. In the meantime, the recent decline in Crude Oil prices has eased inflationary concerns, prompting traders to scale back their bets on Fed interest rate increases. This, in turn, triggers a modest USD pullback from its highest level since May 2025, touched on Wednesday, and acts as a headwind for the USD/JPY pair.
Apart from this, heightened speculation about joint US-Japan intervention offers some support to the Japanese Yen (JPY) and further caps the upside for the currency pair. In fact, Japan’s Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama and US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent agreed to take steps on currencies if necessary. Also, Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara said on Tuesday that he will take appropriate action against the foreign exchange moves if needed. This, along with a hawkish Bank of Japan (BoJ), offers some respite to the JPY bulls.
In fact, the Summary of Opinions from the BoJ’s June meeting showed that policymakers debated mounting inflation risks, with some calling for faster interest rate increases to raise borrowing costs to near levels deemed neutral to the economy. Furthermore, BoJ board member Naoki Tamura said earlier today that it is important to push the policy rate closer to the neutral level, which is about 2%. This is still lower than the Fed’s 3.5% to 3.75% target rate, however, which keeps the JPY carry trade in play and helps limit the downside for the USD/JPY pair.
Japanese Yen FAQs
The Japanese Yen (JPY) is one of the world’s most traded currencies. Its value is broadly determined by the performance of the Japanese economy, but more specifically by the Bank of Japan’s policy, the differential between Japanese and US bond yields, or risk sentiment among traders, among other factors.
One of the Bank of Japan’s mandates is currency control, so its moves are key for the Yen. The BoJ has directly intervened in currency markets sometimes, generally to lower the value of the Yen, although it refrains from doing it often due to political concerns of its main trading partners. The BoJ ultra-loose monetary policy between 2013 and 2024 caused the Yen to depreciate against its main currency peers due to an increasing policy divergence between the Bank of Japan and other main central banks. More recently, the gradually unwinding of this ultra-loose policy has given some support to the Yen.
Over the last decade, the BoJ’s stance of sticking to ultra-loose monetary policy has led to a widening policy divergence with other central banks, particularly with the US Federal Reserve. This supported a widening of the differential between the 10-year US and Japanese bonds, which favored the US Dollar against the Japanese Yen. The BoJ decision in 2024 to gradually abandon the ultra-loose policy, coupled with interest-rate cuts in other major central banks, is narrowing this differential.
The Japanese Yen is often seen as a safe-haven investment. This means that in times of market stress, investors are more likely to put their money in the Japanese currency due to its supposed reliability and stability. Turbulent times are likely to strengthen the Yen’s value against other currencies seen as more risky to invest in.