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Iron and Steel

U.S. Steel Industry Calls for Action on 640M Ton Global Overcapacity – News and Statistics

By 12 Mins Read


Apr 17, 2026

According to comments from the American Iron and Steel Institute, global excess capacity creates significant obstacles for domestic steelmakers. The statement was made in response to a request from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative concerning the initiation of Section 301 investigations into structural overcapacity and production practices in certain economies.

The institute attributes the current problem of overcapacity and overproduction to foreign government subsidies and other trade-distorting policies. It argues that the actions of numerous foreign governments necessitate the continued aggressive use of Section 232 steel tariffs, along with additional measures that may result from the ongoing Section 301 probes.

Actions taken by the current U.S. administration regarding steel and other industrial goods are credited with helping to reduce the flow of steel imports into the country. This reduction is seen as providing the domestic steel industry with room for growth and investment in new and modernized facilities.

Data cited from the OECD Steel Committee indicates that global excess capacity increased to 640 million tons in 2025. Exports linked to this overcapacity are reported to continue despite a high number of new trade remedy cases.

Exporters are noted to be developing increasingly sophisticated methods to circumvent existing steel tariffs. These methods include making minor product modifications, investing in foreign steel mills to alter the country of origin, and shipping goods as steel-intensive processed products.

Overproduction and related exports are described as undermining innovation and profitability in market economies. Past collective and individual measures by market-based economies to address the issue are characterized as well-intentioned but inadequate, having provoked dumping and tariff circumvention.

The American Iron and Steel Institute has called on the U.S. Trade Representative to take decisive action. It urges the office to compel countries with non-market excess capacity to eliminate discriminatory trade practices and to assess the worst offenders. The institute also recommends consideration of additional appropriate measures, which could include cumulative tariffs.

In related developments, the United States has adjusted tariffs on steel, aluminum, and related products. These adjustments aim to simplify compliance procedures and prevent the undervaluation of imports.

Interactive table based on the Store Companies dataset for this report.


# Company Headquarters Focus Scale Note
1 China Baowu Steel Group Shanghai, China Integrated steel production World’s largest steelmaker State-owned
2 HBIS Group Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Integrated steel production Top 3 global producer State-owned
3 Shagang Group Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China Steel products, semi-finished Largest private steelmaker Private
4 Ansteel Group Anshan, Liaoning, China Integrated steel production Major state-owned producer State-owned
5 Shougang Group Beijing, China Integrated steel production Major state-owned producer State-owned
6 Jianlong Group Beijing, China Steel products, semi-finished Large private steelmaker Private
7 Shandong Iron and Steel Group Jinan, Shandong, China Integrated steel production Major regional producer State-owned
8 Fangda Steel Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Carbon steel, specialty steel Large private steelmaker Private
9 Valin Group (Hunan Valin Steel) Changsha, Hunan, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer State-owned
10 Liuzhou Iron & Steel Liuzhou, Guangxi, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer Part of HBIS
11 Taiyuan Iron & Steel (TISCO) Taiyuan, Shanxi, China Stainless steel, specialty steel World’s largest stainless producer Part of China Baowu
12 Nanjing Iron & Steel Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Steel products, semi-finished Major private steelmaker Private
13 Rizhao Steel Rizhao, Shandong, China Steel products, semi-finished Large private steelmaker Private
14 Delong Steel Xingtai, Hebei, China Steel products, semi-finished Major private steelmaker Private
15 Shandong Shiheng Special Steel Linyi, Shandong, China Special steel, long products Major private steelmaker Private
16 Zhongtian Iron & Steel Changzhou, Jiangsu, China Steel products, semi-finished Major private steelmaker Private
17 Jiangsu Shagang Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China Steel products, semi-finished Core of Shagang Group Private
18 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer State-owned
19 Xinyu Iron & Steel Xinyu, Jiangxi, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer State-owned
20 Puyang Iron & Steel Puyang, Henan, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer Private
21 Sansteel Minguang (Fujian Sansteel) Sanming, Fujian, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer State-owned
22 Jiuquan Iron & Steel (JISCO) Jiayuguan, Gansu, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer State-owned
23 Chengde Steel Chengde, Hebei, China Steel products, semi-finished Major regional producer Part of HBIS
24 Xingcheng Special Steel Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China Special steel, long products Major private steelmaker Private
25 Shanxi Jianlong Linfen, Shanxi, China Steel products, semi-finished Major private steelmaker Private
26 Shandong Guangfu Group Linyi, Shandong, China Steel products, semi-finished Major private steelmaker Private
27 Zhongwang Group Liaoyang, Liaoning, China Aluminum, steel products Large private industrial group Private
28 Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Taiyuan, Shanxi, China Stainless steel products Core of TISCO Part of China Baowu
29 Hebei Xinda Tangshan, Hebei, China Steel products, semi-finished Major private steelmaker Private
30 Shandong Laigang Laiwu, Shandong, China Steel products, semi-finished Part of Shandong Steel Group State-owned

This report provides a comprehensive view of the raw steel and steel semi-finished products industry in China, tracking demand, supply, and trade flows across the national value chain. It explains how demand across key channels and end-use segments shapes consumption patterns, while also mapping the role of input availability, production efficiency, and regulatory standards on supply.

Beyond headline metrics, the study benchmarks prices, margins, and trade routes so you can see where value is created and how it moves between domestic suppliers and international partners. The analysis is designed to support strategic planning, market entry, portfolio prioritization, and risk management in the raw steel and steel semi-finished products landscape in China.

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Key findings

  • Domestic demand is shaped by both household and industrial usage, with trade flows linking local supply to imports and exports.
  • Pricing dynamics reflect unit values, freight costs, exchange rates, and regulatory shifts that affect sourcing decisions.
  • Supply depends on input availability and production efficiency, creating a distinct national cost curve.
  • Market concentration varies by segment, creating different competitive landscapes and entry barriers.
  • The 2035 outlook highlights where capacity investment and demand growth are most aligned within the country.

Report scope

The report combines market sizing with trade intelligence and price analytics for China. It covers both historical performance and the forward outlook to 2035, allowing you to compare cycles, structural shifts, and policy impacts.

  • Market size and growth in value and volume terms
  • Consumption structure by end-use segments
  • Production capacity, output, and cost dynamics
  • Trade flows, exporters, importers, and balances
  • Price benchmarks, unit values, and margin signals
  • Competitive context and market entry conditions

Product coverage

  • Prodcom 24102110 – Flat semi-finished products (of non-alloy steel)
  • Prodcom 24102121 – Ingots, other primary forms and long semi-finished products for seamless tubes (of non-alloy steel)
  • Prodcom 24102122 – Other ingots, primary forms and long semi-finished products including blanks (of non-alloy steel)
  • Prodcom 24102210 – Flat semi-finished products (slabs) (of stainless steel)
  • Prodcom 24102221 – Ingots, other primary forms and long semi-finished products for seamless tubes (of stainless steel)
  • Prodcom 24102222 – Other ingots, primary forms and long semi-finished products (of stainless steel)
  • Prodcom 24102310 – Flat semi-finished products (of alloy steel other than of stainless steel)
  • Prodcom 24102321 – Ingots, other primary forms and long semi-finished products for seamless tubes (of alloy steel other than of stainless steel)
  • Prodcom 24102322 – Other ingots, primary forms and long semi-finished products (of alloy steel other than of stainless steel)

Country coverage

Country profile and benchmarks

This report provides a consistent view of market size, trade balance, prices, and per-capita indicators for China. The profile highlights demand structure and trade position, enabling benchmarking against regional and global peers.

Methodology

The analysis is built on a multi-source framework that combines official statistics, trade records, company disclosures, and expert validation. Data are standardized, reconciled, and cross-checked to ensure consistency across time series.

  • International trade data (exports, imports, and mirror statistics)
  • National production and consumption statistics
  • Company-level information from financial filings and public releases
  • Price series and unit value benchmarks
  • Analyst review, outlier checks, and time-series validation

All data are normalized to a common product definition and mapped to a consistent set of codes. This ensures that comparisons across time are aligned and actionable.

Forecasts to 2035

The forecast horizon extends to 2035 and is based on a structured model that links raw steel and steel semi-finished products demand and supply to macroeconomic indicators, trade patterns, and sector-specific drivers. The model captures both cyclical and structural factors and reflects known policy and technology shifts in China.

  • Historical baseline: 2012-2025
  • Forecast horizon: 2026-2035
  • Scenario-based sensitivity to income growth, substitution, and regulation
  • Capacity and investment outlook for major producing companies

Each projection is built from national historical patterns and the broader regional context, allowing the report to show where growth is concentrated and where risks are elevated.

Price analysis and trade dynamics

Prices are analyzed in detail, including export and import unit values, regional spreads, and changes in trade costs. The report highlights how seasonality, freight rates, exchange rates, and supply disruptions influence pricing and margins.

  • Price benchmarks by country and sub-region
  • Export and import unit value trends
  • Seasonality and calendar effects in trade flows
  • Price outlook to 2035 under baseline assumptions

Profiles of market participants

Key producers, exporters, and distributors are profiled with a focus on their operational scale, geographic footprint, product mix, and market positioning. This helps identify competitive pressure points, partnership opportunities, and routes to differentiation.

  • Business focus and production capabilities
  • Geographic reach and distribution networks
  • Cost structure and pricing strategy indicators
  • Compliance, certification, and sustainability context

How to use this report

  • Quantify domestic demand and identify the most attractive segments
  • Evaluate export opportunities and prioritize target destinations
  • Track price dynamics and protect margins
  • Benchmark performance against leading competitors
  • Build evidence-based forecasts for investment decisions

This report is designed for manufacturers, distributors, importers, wholesalers, investors, and advisors who need a clear, data-driven picture of raw steel and steel semi-finished products dynamics in China.

FAQ

What is included in the raw steel and steel semi-finished products market in China?

The market size aggregates consumption and trade data, presented in both value and volume terms.

How are the forecasts to 2035 built?

The projections combine historical trends with macroeconomic indicators, trade dynamics, and sector-specific drivers.

Does the report cover prices and margins?

Yes, it includes export and import unit values, regional spreads, and a pricing outlook to 2035.

Which benchmarks are included?

The report benchmarks market size, trade balance, prices, and per-capita indicators for China.

Can this report support market entry decisions?

Yes, it highlights demand hotspots, trade routes, pricing trends, and competitive context.

  1. 1. INTRODUCTION

    Report Scope and Analytical Framing

    1. Report Description
    2. Research Methodology and the Analytical Framework
    3. Data-Driven Decisions for Your Business
    4. Glossary and Product-Specific Terms

  2. 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

    Concise View of Market Direction

    1. Key Findings
    2. Market Trends
    3. Strategic Implications
    4. Key Risks and Watchpoints

  3. 3. DOMESTIC MARKET SIZE AND DEVELOPMENT PATH

    Market Size, Growth and Scenario Framing

    1. Market Size: Historical Data (2012-2025) and Forecast (2026-2035)
    2. Growth Outlook and Market Development Path to 2035
    3. Growth Driver Decomposition
    4. Scenario Framework and Sensitivities

  4. 4. CATEGORY SCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND BOUNDARIES

    Commercial and Technical Scope

    1. What Is Included and How the Market Is Defined
    2. Market Inclusion Criteria
    3. Product / Category Definition
    4. Exclusions and Boundaries
    5. Distinction From Adjacent Products and Substitute Categories

  5. 5. CATEGORY STRUCTURE, SEGMENTATION AND PRODUCT MATRIX

    How the Market Splits Into Decision-Relevant Buckets

    1. By Product Type / Configuration
    2. By Application / End Use
    3. By Customer / Buyer Type
    4. By Channel / Business Model / Technology Platform
    5. Segment Attractiveness Matrix
    6. Product Matrix and Segment Growth Logic

  6. 6. DOMESTIC DEMAND, CUSTOMER AND BUYER ARCHITECTURE

    Where Demand Comes From and How It Behaves

    1. Consumption / Demand: Historical Data (2012-2025) and Forecast (2026-2035)
    2. Demand by End-Use and Buyer Group
    3. Demand by Customer / Consumer Segment
    4. Purchase Criteria, Switching Logic and Adoption Barriers
    5. Replacement, Replenishment and Installed-Base Dynamics
    6. Future Demand Outlook

  7. 7. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, SUPPLY AND VALUE CHAIN

    Supply Footprint and Value Capture

    1. Production in the Country
    2. Domestic Manufacturing Footprint
    3. Capacity, Bottlenecks and Supply Risks
    4. Value Chain Logic and Margin Pools
    5. Distribution and Route-to-Market Structure

  8. 8. IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND SOURCING STRUCTURE

    Trade Flows and External Dependence

    1. Exports
    2. Imports
    3. Trade Balance
    4. Import Dependence
    5. Sourcing Risks and Resilience

  9. 9. PRICING, PROMOTION AND COMMERCIAL MODEL

    Price Formation and Revenue Logic

    1. Domestic Price Levels and Corridors
    2. Pricing by Segment / Specification / Channel
    3. Cost Drivers and Margin Logic
    4. Promotion, Discounting and Procurement Patterns
    5. Revenue Quality and Commercial Levers

  10. 10. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE AND PORTFOLIO POWER

    Who Wins and Why

    1. Market Structure and Concentration
    2. Competitive Archetypes
    3. Segment-by-Segment Competitive Intensity
    4. Portfolio Breadth and Product Positioning
    5. Capability Matrix
    6. Strategic Moves, Partnerships and Expansion Signals

  11. 11. DOMESTIC MARKET STRUCTURE AND CHANNEL LOGIC

    How the Domestic Market Works

    1. Core Demand Centers
    2. Local Production and Distribution Roles
    3. Channel Structure
    4. Buyer and Procurement Architecture
    5. Regional Imbalances Within the Country

  12. 12. GROWTH PLAYBOOK AND MARKET ENTRY

    Commercial Entry and Scaling Priorities

    1. Where to Play
    2. How to Win
    3. Distributor / Partner / Direct Entry Options
    4. Capability Thresholds
    5. Entry Risks and Mitigation

  13. 13. WHERE TO PLAY NEXT: MOST ATTRACTIVE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES

    Where the Best Expansion Logic Sits

    1. Most Attractive Product Niches
    2. Most Attractive Customer Segments
    3. White Spaces and Unsaturated Opportunities
    4. High-Margin and Underpenetrated Pockets
    5. Most Promising Product Adjacencies

  14. 14. PROFILES OF MAJOR COMPANIES

    Leading Players and Strategic Archetypes

    1. Leading Manufacturers and Suppliers
    2. Production Footprint and Capacities
    3. Product Portfolio and Segment Focus
    4. Pricing Positioning and Indicative Price Logic
    5. Channel / Distribution Strength
    6. Strategic Archetypes

  15. 15. METHODOLOGY, SOURCES AND DISCLAIMER

    How the Report Was Built

    1. Modeling Logic
    2. Source Register
    3. Publications, Regulatory and Industry References
    4. Analytical Notes
    5. Disclaimer

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China Baowu Steel Group

State-owned

HBIS Group

State-owned

Shagang Group

Private

Ansteel Group

State-owned

Shougang Group

State-owned

Jianlong Group

Private

Shandong Iron and Steel Group

State-owned

Fangda Steel

Private

Valin Group (Hunan Valin Steel)

State-owned

Liuzhou Iron & Steel

Part of HBIS

Taiyuan Iron & Steel (TISCO)

Part of China Baowu

Nanjing Iron & Steel

Private

Rizhao Steel

Private

Delong Steel

Private

Shandong Shiheng Special Steel

Private

Zhongtian Iron & Steel

Private

Jiangsu Shagang

Private

Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union

State-owned

Xinyu Iron & Steel

State-owned

Puyang Iron & Steel

Private

Sansteel Minguang (Fujian Sansteel)

State-owned

Jiuquan Iron & Steel (JISCO)

State-owned

Chengde Steel

Part of HBIS

Xingcheng Special Steel

Private

Shanxi Jianlong

Private

Shandong Guangfu Group

Private

Zhongwang Group

Private

Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel

Part of China Baowu

Hebei Xinda

Private

Shandong Laigang

State-owned

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